![]() Understanding of the neural mechanisms of treatment response is crucial to mitigating the core social-communication deficits in ASD, from the development of novel and adaptive treatment approaches to behavioral and pharmacological therapies which target specific neural circuitries. This study, however, did not include a baseline time point, so it is not possible to evaluate whether and/or how the groups differed prior to the onset of ESDM treatment. Following the intervention, children in the ESDM group showed a shorter Nc latency and increased cortical activation (decreased α power and increased θ power) when viewing faces, compared to a group of children who received only community-based intervention. Using a similar treatment approach called the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), Dawson and colleagues measured the neural correlates of response via EEG after two years of treatment. illustrated that the neural systems supporting social perception in an additional ten children with ASD were malleable through implementation of PRT specifically, neural responses were more similar to those of typically developing (TD) children following treatment. demonstrated that two high functioning children with ASD showed increased activation from baseline to treatment endpoint in key brain regions associated with social functioning. While it is believed that behavioral interventions for ASD stimulate socially-responsive areas of the brain, little is known about the neural underpinnings of such therapies, nor their short- and long-term effects on neural systems. Several randomized control trials of PRT have shown significant improvement in language and social functioning, and a recent open-label trial of PRT from our group demonstrated reduction in restricted and repetitive behavior following a 16-week PRT regimen. ![]() PRT is structured as a series of play-based sessions, during which children are reinforced for utilizing appropriate social communication skills. Moreover, core social-communication symptoms are natural targets for the development of pharmacological and behavioral interventions.īehavioral therapies, such as Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), have shown promise in reducing core symptoms of ASD. Given the universality of social deficits in ASD, dysfunction in brain systems subservient to social perception are central to research in the field. Theories of ASD have postulated both reduced social motivation and atypical reward processing as well as difficulty in predicting real-world events. Read the original article in The Atlantic.Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by social and communication deficits. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. One cannot hope thus to equal the speed and flexibility with which the mind follows an associative trail, but it should be possible to beat the mind decisively in regard to the permanence and clarity of the items resurrected from storage.Ĭonsider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. Selection by association, rather than indexing, may yet be mechanized. The first idea, however, to be drawn from the analogy concerns selection. In minor ways he may even improve, for his records have relative permanency. Man cannot hope fully to duplicate this mental process artificially, but he certainly ought to be able to learn from it. Yet the speed of action, the intricacy of trails, the detail of mental pictures, is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature. It has other characteristics, of course trails that are not frequently followed are prone to fade, items are not fully permanent, memory is transitory. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain. Having found one item, moreover, one has to emerge from the system and re-enter on a new path. It can be in only one place, unless duplicates are used one has to have rules as to which path will locate it, and the rules are cumbersome. When data of any sort are placed in storage, they are filed alphabetically or numerically, and information is found (when it is) by tracing it down from subclass to subclass. Our ineptitude in getting at the record is largely caused by the artificiality of systems of indexing. ![]() The real heart of the matter of selection, however, goes deeper than a lag in the adoption of mechanisms by libraries, or a lack of development of devices for their use.
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